Title: Climate Change Policy in Poland
Abstract: The research will use a case study approach to define basic directions of climate change policy in Poland. The efficiency of climate change policy in Poland will be analyzed according to a range of selected efficiency criteria. Climate change policy in Poland will be compared with the climate change policies of other states in the Western Europe and, also, in the Eastern Europe. Basic institutions of climate policy in Poland will be analyzed, according to their social status.
Aims and objectives
The aim is to determine basic directions of climate change policy in Poland. The objectives are: to describe current climate situation in Poland; to investigate the main directions of current climate policy in Poland; to show the changes in local climate policy for the recent years; to evaluate the efficiency of current climate Policy in Poland.
The following issues must be investigated:
1) The essence and specificity of Poland’s climate policy;
2) Determinants of Poland’s climate policy;
3) The Concept of Poland’s Climate Policy;
4) Implementation of Poland’s climate policy;
5) Prospects for Poland’s climate policy.
Research question/ Research problem: The main research problem is has the climate policy changed in Poland for the recent years?
Moreover, the following research questions must be studied:
1) What is the specificity of Poland’s climate policy as one of the specific policies?
2) What determines the Polish climate policy?
3) How is the concept of Poland’s climate policy changing?
4) What is the specificity of the implementation of climate policy by Poland at the level of the interior of the state, and what is at the level of the international system?
5) What are the perspectives of Poland’s climate policy?
Research problem is connected with the policy on climate change. The policy on climate change is one of the specific governmental policies (such as education policy, environmental policy, science policy, cultural policy, economic policy, etc), because the state implements many specific policies. The case study in this work concerns a specific environmental policy and the case of Poland.
Poland is a specific case of a country implementing a policy on climate change. This specificity is conditioned by several factors:
1)Poland is the EU member, which aspires to the role of a leader in the global climate change policy, wants to achieve the ambitious goal of climate neutrality by 2050;
2) In energy production, Poland has been based on the combustion of fossil fuels for several centuries and due to the specificity of economic structures, achieving the goals climate change requires significant changes in the economy;
3) Since 2015, power in Poland has been exercised by Eurosceptic forces, quite populist, for whom the slogan that “Poland’s economy stands on coal” is an important electoral slogan.
These three factors create the conditions for a specific drama of Poland’s climate policy. This research work is focused on reconstruction and description of official documents connected with basic direction of local environmental activities.
In order to solve the undertaken research problem, several aspects must be studied, they are mentioned below.
First, it is necessary to combine general knowledge about the state’s climate policy as one of its specific policies with detailed knowledge about Poland.
Secondly, one must consider the already mentioned independent variables conditioning Poland’s climate policy, which in the methodological sense would be a dependent variable.
Third, it is advisable to focus on the analysis of the concept of Poland’s climate policy, including the analysis of local official documents in this sphere.
Fourth, the implementation of Poland’s climate policy should be considered. Its implementation must be studied at two levels, at the level of the interior of the state and at the level of the international system, i.e. participation in international climate negotiations.
Fifth, one must consider the perspectives of Poland’s climate policy.
Hypothesis: In connection with the current ecological situation many countries are rapidly changing their climate policy, in order to protect the atmosphere and the ozone layer and to protect the environment in a global scale. Poland is not an exclusion, this country also follows this global trend. Thus, Polish government is changing the climate policy according to the current climate conditions and political situation in the world.
Introduction/Background/Rationale
Environmental protection in Poland has always been given considerable attention by the authorities, scientists and the public. The interest in the problems of preserving natural resources and reducing negative impacts on nature was strengthened during the beginning of the XXI century, when the issue of the Republic of Poland’s accession to the European Union was being decided. This has caused a number of significant political and legal consequences: first, decisions and actions aimed at harmonizing Polish environmental legislation with the European one; secondly, the awareness of the need to adapt many legal, managerial and — most difficult of all — economic instruments to the change of political, social and market conditions. As a result, according to experts, conditions and a basis for environmental protection that meet European requirements and standards were created in the Republic of Poland. They affected virtually all areas of legal regulation in the field of environmental protection: from the directions of state environmental policy to the creation of special accounting, monitoring, control, information exchange systems adapted to European ones, from the adoption of laws regulating the protection and use of the environment and its individual components, to the creation of local waste management plans, etc.
In our opinion, the experience of the Republic of Poland in the aspect of legal regulation of environmental policy in general and its individual areas, which are now recognized by the international community as the most relevant, for example, waste management policy, is of the greatest interest.
In the Polish doctrine of environmental law, the state environmental policy is understood as a set of decisions and actions carried out by authorized authorities and management bodies in the field of environmental protection on a national scale in various directions, as well as legal and non-legal methods and means used for this purpose.
In the modern world, this means, first of all, that this policy should be an element of the country’s sustainable development and the harmonization of environmental goals with economic and social goals. It also means that the implementation of the state’s environmental policy should increasingly be carried out by applying a model of production and consumption, reducing the use of materials, resuming and energy consumption of management, using the best available technologies and positive management practices, and only in the future-by typically protective, traditional actions, such as cleaning up emissions and discharges, waste disposal, etc. Finally, it also means that environmental aspects must necessarily be included in sectoral policies in all areas of the economy / management, as well as in development strategies and programs at the regional and local levels.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of environmental policy, since it determines the directions of formation and development of environmental legislation, the system and structure of bodies implementing it, as well as specific measures for environmental protection.
It should also be taken into account that many federal laws regulating environmental protection and nature management, although they do not directly and directly refer to environmental policy, nevertheless, their priorities, goals and means of implementation are outlined.
On the eighth of May, 2003 The Sejm of the Republic of Poland adopted the Law on the State’s Environmental Policy for the period 2003-2006, taking into account the prospects for the period 2007-2010.
This law introduces the obligation of the State to develop and update the environmental policy of the Republic of Poland every four years. The provisions of the law regulate the practice accumulated in previous periods of creating various documents regulating environmental and political issues in the context of different time periods or – without a specific definition of the validity period-the practice implemented since 1990. It was in the 1990s. Due to changes in the state policy on the economic structure of Poland, the first document on environmental policy was developed, adopted by the Council of Ministers, and in 1991 it was approved by the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland.
In 2000, i.e. 10 years after the adoption of the document on the first Polish environmental policy, the Parliament of the Republic of Poland approved the “Second Environmental Policy of the State”. It sets the state’s environmental goals for the periods up to 2010 and 2025.
The Law of May 8, 2003 clearly defines two stages of the formation and implementation of the State environmental policy in Poland: 2003-2006 and 2007-2010. They are coordinated with the Sixth EU Environmental Protection Program. Recall that the Sixth Program also ends in 2010.2.
Actually, the text records its adoption and says that “The state’s Environmental Policy for 2003-2006, taking into account the prospects for 2007-2010” is an Appendix to the Law. It consists of an introduction explaining the reasons for the adoption of this act, listing the supporting legislative acts, including European ones, and defining the state environmental policy. The application consists of seven sections.
Section 1 “Goals and objectives of a systemic nature” regulates the following issues in eight subsections: 1) inclusion of environmental aspects in sectoral policies (including industrial, energy, transport, agricultural, construction, etc.); 2) activation of the market in the field of environmental activities: here, in particular, partnership with business, formation of the position of consumers, restriction of subsidies harmful to environmental protection, greening of the financial sector are provided for; environmental protection management, responsibility for the environmental results of implemented activities; 3) economic mechanisms and financing systems; strengthening institutions; 5) public participation, as well as environmental education; 6) access to information and expansion of social dialogue; 7) development of science and technology, promotion of innovation; 8) international cooperation.
Sections 2-4 are constructed according to the same scheme: each of their subsections includes three positions – the initial situation, goals until 2010 and tasks for the period 2003-2006. Section 2 is devoted to the protection of natural heritage and the rational use of natural resources. It regulates the ecological and political aspects of nature and landscape protection, the protection and sustainable development of forests, the protection of mineral resources and groundwater, biotechnologies and genetically modified organisms.
Section 3 “Balanced use of raw materials, materials, water and energy” deals with the issues of costs / consumption of the listed components in the management process; the use of renewable energy, the formation of water relations and flood protection. Section 4 – the largest by volume-is compiled as follows: “Environment and health. Further improvement of environmental quality and environmental safety”. It consists of eight subsections: 1) the main provisions concerning the relationship “environment and health”, the initial situation, the main goals and activities; 2) water quality; air pollution; 4) waste management; 5) chemicals in the environment; 6) serious industrial accidents; 7) noise exposure; 8) exposure to electromagnetic fields.
The Environmental Policy of the Republic of Poland has a special section 5 “Countering climate change”.
The sixth section is methodological and instrumental in nature. It regulates the issues of assessing the implementation of environmental policy, in particular, monitoring and circulation of information on the state of the environment, policy performance indicators, assessments and reports (as forms and sources of information).
The final section 7 deals with the problems of spending on the implementation of the state environmental policy.
As we can see, the structuring of ecological and political directions differs from the approaches adopted in Western Europe. The emphasis is on interaction and communication. This is particularly evident in the structure of the fourth section. At the same time, it is not entirely justified, in our opinion, to include a policy in the field of biotechnologies and GMOs in the section .
Let’s look at some, in our opinion, the most interesting problems.
Waste management. In the Republic of Poland, waste management is treated as a special area of environmental protection. Activities to protect the environment from the threats generated by waste begin with the prevention of their formation, reducing their volumes and replacing more hazardous waste with less hazardous types. These are the three most important provisions that, as is known, have been developed by international practice and characterize (or should characterize) the policy of any state in the field of waste management.
The first principle of waste management, i.e. the prevention of their formation, is expressed in the desire to use low-waste technologies in the production of products that are cleaner in relation to the environment and ensure the production use of all components of the processed raw materials. It is also noted that waste arising as by-products is inherent in technological processes, but the essence of the best technologies2 is a small number of by-products.
In our opinion, the following provision, indicated in the analyzed document, is very important, as in other areas of environmental protection: the role of behavior is great in waste management, and also, taking into account international practice, the conditions for similar expenses for waste management, which should exclude the exploitation of the environment for the purposes of industrial competition. In many industries, the share of waste management costs in the cost of products is high and differences in this regard can become decisive when the price of products (products, etc.) is competitive.
Approaches to the development of national strategies and plans for adaptation to climate change in the sectoral and territorial sections differ significantly depending on the level of development of countries, the priorities of state policy in the field of climate change, the degree of influence of climate risks on the economy and social sphere. The assessment of the potential damage from climate change and, accordingly, the choice of the optimal strategy is the subject of separate scientific macroeconomic studies and public discussions.
However, the situation is developing in such a way that it may be necessary to take response decisions to the climate threat in a short time. And the attitude of the society and the state of Poland to the problem of climate change may turn out to be too indifferent.
The range of possible response scenarios is obviously quite wide, but they are all placed between two extreme strategies.
Both scenarios are not ideal and contain a lot of potential risks. The “current policy” increases the negative impact of climate change with difficult-to-predict consequences. According to the most general estimates, the Russian economy will suffer losses due to the restriction of GDP growth and a decrease in demand for exported goods. The “Global Climate Unity” scenario assumes a slowdown in climate change due to joint active measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this case, macroeconomic forecasts state the risk of losing existing sales markets, a drop in revenue from basic sectors of the economy, and an increase in the cost of electric energy. At the same time, this scenario assumes a rapid transition to a low-carbon model of economic development, which encourages economic diversification and the development of innovations. In the case of “continuation of the current policy”, the Russian economy may face serious challenges in the near future.
Agreeing on fair conditions for the recognition of national “carbon” regulation by the European Union is the most important direction of Poland’s foreign policy in the near future.
At the same time, the creation of a full-fledged national climate regulation system that meets European standards is an equally important area of the regulatory work of the Polish Government. In August of this year, the Ministry of Economy presented the first version of the concept of the climate project system, which describes the rules for implementing projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the concept of circulation of carbon units in Poland.
The document provides for creating favorable conditions for green investments and reducing the carbon footprint of Russian products through the development of national standards for climate projects and the creation of their national register, as well as the Russian register of carbon units expressed in tons of CO2 equivalent, which can be sold or offset. The Ministry of Economy noted that the concept is “synchronized with the draft law on state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and the Paris Agreement” and believes that the Polish system “can be linked to the mechanisms of the PS and other national and international registers of carbon units.”
Poland has all the opportunities and potential for the development of promising areas of low-carbon development. In addition to the well-developed traditional Polish energy sectors, such as hydropower, nuclear power, gas generation, the production of equipment for renewable energy sources has developed well in recent years. It is quite possible that carbon regulation measures will cause a need for the development of new technologies, such as technology for capturing, recycling and storing CO2, equipment for saving electricity, hydrogen technologies, energy efficiency or increasing CO2 absorption, electric transport.
The optimal model of sustainable development is the result of scientific research, expert discussions, political decisions, public consensus and objective conditions of economic development. Of course, we can expect epoch-making decisions and radical changes in the economy, the end of the pandemic and the improvement of market conditions, but it is better to start decisive and systematic actions to form a new “green” economy now and by 2030 to take a leading position in the world.
The problem of climate change poses two main challenges to the Polish economy: the need to adapt to climate change and respond to the strengthening of external climatic factors, such as potential restrictions on international trade and the growing number of countries and companies supporting the abandonment of fossil fuels. If the most negative scenario for the Russian Federation is implemented, the losses of Russian exporters to the EU countries until 2030 only for oil, petroleum products, gas, LNG and polyolefins can amount, according to the authors of the report, from €1.4 billion to €2.4 billion per year, for fertilizers — €0.2–0.5 billion per year. In addition, there is an increasing demand for disclosure of carbon reporting and limited opportunities to attract financing. Another challenge for Poland is the exclusion or restriction of support for nuclear and large-scale hydropower within the framework of separate green financing mechanisms in the world.
The plan of adaptation to climate change in Poland is itself an important political step of the government, demonstrating the seriousness of its attitude to global warming, but the speed of bureaucratic decisions is far behind the increase in temperature: a climate catastrophe is approaching in Poland faster than anywhere else on the planet.
Literature Review
The justification of the policy of preventing adverse climate changes from the theoretical and economic positions is carried out by representatives of various scientific schools. The neoclassical approach to the problem was studied based on the works of R. Betz (Betz, 1994), J. Kruger (Kruger, 2007), and a number of other authors. The ideas of the economic theory of welfare in the context of the dissertation problems were analyzed with the involvement of the works of such scientists as D. Makler (2009) and M. Porter (1995).
The static institutional analysis was based on the work of K. Rennings (Rennings, 2008). The dynamic version of institutional analysis is based on the works of D.Pearce (Pearce, 1998); the theory of public choice is represented by the works of Th. Stegler (Stegler, 1998). In his research, the author also relied on the works of scientists analyzing the key characteristics of post-industrial society and the place of Poland in the global economy.
At the same time, in modern conditions, along with the generalization of the theoretical results achieved and the systematization of the experience accumulated in a number of regions of the implementation of the policy of neutralizing global climate change and the mechanisms that ensure this implementation, the development of ways to more actively involve business circles in its implementation, there is also a task of its qualitative modernization. Reasonable economic approaches to solving this problem, taking into account the scale of the upcoming costs, the involvement of many states in this process, the need to coordinate the approaches of not only various political and economic actors, but also the interests of present and future generations, can be developed only if the recommendations of all the main directions of modern economic and theoretical analysis are taken into account.
Among them, the theory of public choice, which studies the influence of powerful political influence groups (lobbies) on the development and, more importantly, on the implementation of policies to prevent adverse climate changes, as well as the economic theory of the implementation of international treaties, is of particular importance, along with dynamic institutional analysis. The combination of these circumstances determined the purpose of the dissertation research and the tasks solved in its course.
Theoretical Perspectives
The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation work was the provisions and results related to the research topic, formulated by representatives of the main directions of modern economic and theoretical analysis. Special attention was paid to the results obtained within the framework of modern institutional analysis, including, along with the static, its dynamic version. The theory of public choice, closely related to the dynamic approach to institutions, was analyzed in the context of the impact of various political influence groups (lobbies) on the development and implementation of policies to prevent adverse climate change.
The reflection of international issues in the work also required an appeal to the economic theory of international negotiations in terms of global climate change. The theoretical basis of the research was also a wide range of monographic works, scientific articles, applied recommendations of domestic and foreign scientists developing relevant problems.
The most significant scientific results that have novelty and have been achieved by the dissertation are as follows:
1. The analysis and systematization of the main economic and theoretical approaches to the justification of climate policy and the tools implementing it made it possible to more clearly identify the areas of application of these approaches, including in the context of the modernization of this policy, identifying the priority areas of climate policy change in Poland that are relevant for the post-Kyoto period. These include reducing the costs of administering pollution rights in the market, preventing participants in this market from entering into collusions, and intensifying the structural adjustment of the economy.
2. The analysis of trade in rights to emission certificates conducted within the framework of the economic theory of welfare as the most important mechanism for implementing the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions confirmed the effectiveness of this mechanism from the point of view of minimizing costs, accurately achieving the set goals, stimulating partial innovations and minimizing the financial burden, which, however, is achieved only if there are institutional conditions and an adequate design of the market for emission certificates.
3. The scale and forms of state intervention in the economy in Poland in order to correct market failures associated with greenhouse gases as a kind of external negative effects, in relation to solving the global problem of climate change, require special justification. It is necessary to take into account the differences in the mechanisms of environmental regulation, both within an individual country, and at the international and global levels, the underestimation of which can lead to the breakdown of international negotiations and the postponement of the conclusion of urgent international agreements.
4. The assessment of the policy of neutralization of anthropogenic impact on the environment in Poland from the standpoint of static and dynamic institutional analysis allowed us to establish a number of relevant directions for its modernization. Among them is the identification of the comparative effectiveness of various institutional regimes in terms of their impact on the competitiveness and innovative behavior of business, as well as the need for a more complete account of the impact on the course of institutional changes of influence groups interested in maintaining the previous technological trajectories and inefficient bureaucratic mechanisms.
5. A comprehensive analysis of the practice of applying the mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol in Poland allowed, along with the identification of positive results, to identify a number of serious problems, the consideration of which is of no small importance for Russia. These include the fact that the results obtained are conditioned by an increase in the burden imposed on other sectors of the economy and on taxpayers; the possibility of violation of competition within the EU caused by different interpretations of the system of trading in emission rights within different states; the limited scope of the market coverage of only one of the greenhouse gases.
6. The climate policy implemented in Poland was monitored from the standpoint of criteria developed in economic theory, including simplicity for monitoring, political acceptability and flexibility.
The conclusion is confirmed that the truncated option of connecting the country to international mechanisms for neutralizing the adverse effects of climate change is accompanied not only by the loss of significant investment resources necessary for the modernization of the Russian economy, but also by certain image losses.
Based on the analysis of foreign experience in the application of the climate change prevention policy and the mechanisms implementing it, a number of recommendations have been formulated for Poland, including the need to quickly complete the formation of institutional conditions for the action of the policy to prevent adverse global climate changes, to activate the structural adjustment of the economy supported by economic incentives and the development of environmental and energy-saving innovations.
The theoretical significance of the dissertation research is to deepen the economic and theoretical understanding of the following range of topical issues: market failures caused by external negative effects of economic activity, methods of their internalization at the national and global levels; modernization of the policy of regulating global climate change, taking into account the integrated use of the recommendations of the main theoretical and economic schools; development of ideas about the mechanisms implementing this policy for the so-called “post-Kyoto” period.
The practical significance of the dissertation research is determined by the possibility of using its conclusions and recommendations by legislative and executive bodies of state power when modernizing climate policy and its tools, increasing the effectiveness of Poland’s participation in international mechanisms that serve to neutralize adverse climate changes, including attracting foreign investment to the country; representatives of large industrial businesses when planning long-term development strategies of companies, including when entering their markets
Methods
An important methodological assumption is the analysis of Poland’s climate policy at the intersection of the interior of the state and the international system. Therefore, climate policy of Poland will be analyzed in two levels, the state level and the level of the international system.
The research is based on a mixed methodology. As for qualitative methods, the method of case study will be used. Several case of climate policy change in Poland will be analyzed, in order to compare Polish climate policy with the current climate policy of Western European countries. The range of qualitative methods and research techniques includes the content analysis of official documents about climate policy in Poland; also, the state of literature will be analyzed.
As for quantitative methods, the method of survey will be used. Data of the survey will be processed and represented in form of tables and diagrams.
Respondents
100 respondents will tale part in the survey, the citizens of Poland, Poland is the permanent residence place for them. The age of respondents is 25 – 40 years, the respondents are divided into two groups, common citizens and members of the local administration and public offices connected with environmental protection. The aim of the survey is to compare the attitude to environmental protection that is typical for common citizens and for the members of public administration.
Methods of data collection
The case-study method or the method of specific situations (from the English case – case, situation) is a method of active problem-situational analysis based on learning by solving specific tasks – situations (solving cases).- The case-study method refers to non-game simulation active learning methods and is designed to gain experience in the following areas:
identification, selection and solution of problems;
working with information – understanding the meaning of the details described in the situation; analyzing and synthesizing information and arguments; working with assumptions and conclusions; evaluating alternatives; making decisions;
listening to and understanding other people, including group work skills.
The immediate goal of the case-study method is to analyze the situation – case arising in a particular state of affairs with the joint efforts of students and develop a practical solution; the end of the process is to evaluate the proposed algorithms and choose the best one in the context of the problem.
The case itself is a written description of certain conditions from the life of an organization, a group of people or individual individuals, orienting students to formulate a problem and search for solutions to it. A case is always a simulation of a life situation, and working with a case allows you to consider a problem at a desk and offer your own unique solution.
The case contains comprehensive information about: what is happening, who is involved in it, when the result should be obtained, why is all this necessary (i.e. the purpose of the task), what resources (time, money, people, powers, etc.) can be used? There is only no answer to the question: how to achieve the goal and get the desired result? This is what the participant is invited to solve, who, like a mathematical problem, must solve the case.
A survey is a method of collecting primary information based on direct (conversation, interview) or indirect (questionnaire) socio-psychological interaction between the researcher and the interviewee. The source of information in this case is a verbal or written judgment of a person.
The widespread use of this method is explained by its versatility, comparative ease of application and data processing. In a short time, the researcher can get information about the real activities, actions of the interviewee, information about his moods, intentions, assessments of the surrounding reality.
Methods of analysis
For document processing, cluster analysis was used – this is a set of methods that allow classifying multidimensional observations, each of which is described by a certain set of variables. The purpose of cluster analysis is to form groups of similar objects, which are commonly called clusters. Using cluster analysis, you can segment the target audience (for example, select priority groups). The application of clustering methods to segmentation is based on the following assumptions. First, it is believed that by the values of variables that describe the properties of respondents, it is possible to distinguish groups of similar respondents.
Delimintations and limitations
Delimitations: the research is delimited to the climate change policy in Poland, in framework of Polish legislation and Polish state policy. Limitations: the research relies on the Polish environmental situation, and the peculiarities of Polish climate, industry and environmental condition will be taken into consideration. The changes in climate policy will be considered according to the damage that has been done to the environment by Polish companies, plants and factories. However, current changes in climate policy in Poland will be considered with the current changes in climate policy of Western European countries.
Ethical Considerations
Participation of the respondents in the survey is voluntary and based on the principle of informed consent. The concept of “informed consent” assumes that the potential respondent will be aware of the subject of the survey and the purpose of its conduct. This is necessary so that, when answering the question, the respondent can assess the possible unpleasant consequences. It is assumed that if a person is asked to tell something about himself, he is able to respond adequately only when he realizes what this can lead to. The criteria used to evaluate the receipt of” informed consent ” are based on an analysis of the risk of harm to the respondent if they provide the required information or participate in a sociological study. The concept of risk becomes crucial when discussing procedures aimed at establishing “informed consent”.
Timeline
The project is divided into three stages: Preparation, Scientific Research, Summarizing the results. Duration of the project is from September to December, 2021.Timeframes are shown in the table below.
Table 1. Timeframes of the project
| Stage of the project | Content of the stage | Timeframes |
| Preparation | Defining aims and objects of the research. Defining theoretical concepts and background of the research. Selecting the research methods. Defining a number of cases for case study. Preparing the survey for the respondents. Selecting the voluntary respondents. Dividing the voluntary respondents in two groups. | September, 1 – September, 30 |
| Scientific Research | Analysis of cases connected with the climate change policy in Poland. Carrying out the survey with two groups of respondents. Processing of the case study and survey results. Fixing the results in a written form. | October, 1 – November, 15 |
| Summary of the results. | Publication of scientific articles according to the research results Drawing up conclusions of the research Formulating the recommendation for Polish government in order to improve current climate policies Formulating future prospects of the research | November, 16 – December, 10 |
Budget-Funding
Total cost of the project is 200 Euro. The cost of the project will be financed by the Department of Scientific Research of the University. Necessary equipment for the research will be also provided by the Scientific Research Department. The list of necessary equipment includes the computer for data saving, software for data processing and statistic research, printer for printing the survey materials and paper for printing the questionnaires. Moreover, a work trip to several Polish plants and factories is planned, in order to study the impact of Polish industry on environmental protection. The list of expenses is mentioned below:
- Equipment;
- Software;
- Work trips to Poland;
- Consultations with the experts on data processing;
- Consultations with the experts on climate policy in Poland;
- Organization of the conference devoted to the project results;
- Publication of the articles on the project in scientific journals.
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